Contraception consultation

Combined hormonal methods consist of estrogen and progestin. The mechanism of action is to inhibit ovulation, create a thick cervical mucus, and thin the uterine lining. Combined methods include birth control pills, patches, and rings.

Positive health effects of combined methods are:

• High protection against unwanted pregnancy
• Reduced menstrual pain
• Decreased blood flow and more regular bleeding
• Reduces the risk of ovarian, cervical, and colorectal cancer
• Decreased acne/hair growth
• Reduced risk of ovarian cysts
• Relief from endometriosis

Progestin-only methods consist of progestin, which thins the uterine lining. The cervical mucus becomes thick and sticky, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus. The inhibition of ovulation depends on the amount of progestin.

Estrogen-free birth control pills/Intermediate-dose birth control pills almost always inhibit ovulation, providing a 12-hour margin for forgetfulness. Intermediate-dose birth control pills reduce bleeding or provide a bleeding-free experience.

The contraceptive implant inhibits ovulation. It is replaced every three years and is inserted on the underside of the upper arm beneath the skin by a midwife at the clinic. Local anesthesia is administered before insertion. Contraceptive implant use often results in a lack of bleeding.

Progestin-only pills contain only progestin but in a lower dose, usually preserving ovulation. This requires taking the pill at the same time every day, with a maximum of 27 hours between doses.

Progestin injection is an injection of progestin administered every three months intramuscularly by a midwife. It inhibits ovulation, and most individuals become free from bleeding with this method.

Hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) has the most significant local effect on the uterine lining. Most individuals maintain ovulation. It is available for use over 6, 5, and 3 years.

The copper intrauterine device (IUD) creates a toxic environment in the uterus that affects sperm and complicates implantation in the uterus.

A pessary is a small silicone cup placed over the cervix in the vagina and used with a spermicidal gel. It is inserted before intercourse and remains in place for at least 6 hours but no more than 24.

Condom is the only contraceptive that protects against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Available in rubber or latex-free (for those allergic to rubber).

Female condom/Femidom is a condom inserted vaginally. If you are interested in trying it, it can be obtained during a visit with us.

The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is the most effective emergency contraceptive method and is inserted within 5 days after unprotected intercourse. It has an efficacy of nearly 99 percent against pregnancy.

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) can be purchased over the counter at the pharmacy. They should be taken as soon as possible after unprotected intercourse for maximum effectiveness. The latest they can be taken is within 3-5 days (depending on the brand) after unprotected intercourse.