Testicle and scrotum

Testicular cancer is a relatively uncommon form of cancer. It is most often detected when a man feels a lump in one of the testicles. If a new lump is found in one of the testicles, medical attention should be sought to investigate further.

Testicular cancer rarely causes pain. It is much more common for conditions like hydrocele (fluid buildup) and inguinal hernia to be the cause of any abnormal sensation in the scrotum.

Hydrocele in the scrotum, is a common condition.

It is a condition where fluid accumulates around the testicle. Symptoms include varying degrees of swelling of the scrotum. Some may experience a sense of heaviness and discomfort, and the scrotum may appear bulky in underwear. Hydrocele is a benign and completely harmless condition.

The diagnosis is made through clinical examination and sometimes ultrasound.

In many cases, when there is a small amount of fluid around the testicle, no intervention is needed.

For bothersome symptoms, the hydrocele can be punctured, and the fluid around the testicle can be drained. This procedure can be combined with injecting a substance that seals the membrane producing the fluid to reduce the risk of recurrence.

For larger hydroceles or if it recurs after puncture, the membrane producing the fluid around the testicle can be surgically removed through a small incision in the scrotum. This is done as day surgery either under local anesthesia or general anesthesia.

Typically performed as day surgery, usually under anesthesia.

The surgery involves making a small incision in the scrotum, and the membrane surrounding the testicle, which produces the fluid, is removed. The scrotal skin is then sutured with self-absorbing stitches.

Complications may include bruising and swelling of the scrotum. Infections are uncommon.

Spermatocele occurs in the transition between the testicle and the epididymis, where a fluid-filled cyst develops. The condition is harmless but can sometimes cause discomfort and pain.

In most cases, no intervention is necessary, but if there are pronounced symptoms, the spermatocele can be surgically removed through a small incision in the scrotum.

Varicocele in the scrotum means that the veins carrying blood back into the body (veins) dilate in the scrotum. It is most common on the left side due to anatomical conditions.

Investigation is done through clinical examination and/or ultrasound. Normally, it is completely harmless and usually requires no intervention. In more pronounced cases with pain and a feeling of heaviness, the issue can be addressed by blocking these veins in the radiology department or through surgery via the groin or with robot-assisted minimally invasive techniques.